The capillary hydrometer consists simply of a small pipette with a bulb in the middle of the stem, the pipette terminating in a very fine capillary point.
A table which indicates the weight per gallon of spirituous liquors for every degree of Sikes's hydrometer is printed in 23 and 24 Vict.
This seems to be the first reference to the hydrometer in modern times.
Carrier's hydrometer was very similar to that of Baume, Cartier having been employed by the latter to construct his instruments for the French revenue.
The hydrometer constructed by Jones, of Holborn, consists of a spheroidal bulb with a rectangular stem (fig.
It is the practice of the officers of the inland revenue to adjust Sikes's hydrometer at 62 deg.
Saunders's salinometer consists of a hydrometer which floats in a chamber through which the water from the boiler is allowed to flow in a gentle stream, at a temperature of 200 deg.
The following table gives the specific gravities corresponding to the principal graduations on Sikes's hydrometer at 60 deg.
Sikes's hydrometer was established for the purpose of collecting the revenue of the United Kingdom by Act of Parliament, 56 Geo.
Baume, which has been extensively used in France, consists of a common hydrometer graduated in the following manner.
The merit of Sikes's system lies not so much in the hydrometer as in the complete system of tables by which the readings of the instrument are at once converted into percentage of proof-spirit.
The first of these was found by immersing the hydrometer in pure water, and marking the stem at the level of the surface.
The hydrometer intended for densities less than that of water, or the hydrometer for spirits, is constructed on a similar principle.
Desaguliers himself constructed a hydrometer of the ordinary type for comparing the specific gravities of different kinds of water (Desaguliers's Experimental Philosophy, ii.
Nicholson's hydrometer with the screw at C projecting through the collar into which it is screwed, and terminating in a sharp point above the cup G.
The hydrometer for liquids lighter than water is poised so that the 0 of the scale is at the bottom of the stem, when it is floating in a solution of 1 oz.
The divisions on the scale read downward, so as to measure the length of the stem which stands above the surface of any liquid in which the hydrometer is floated.
A small hydrometer for determining the specific gravity of urine.
The common saccharimeter of the brewer is an hydrometer adapted by its scale to point out the proportion of saccharine matter in a solution of any specific gravity.
By slightly compressing the bulb and inserting the slender tube through the vent hole in the cover of the cell sufficient acid may be drawn up to float the hydrometer within the large glass tube, and the reading can be made at once.
If the hydrometer show a higher reading, water may be added until the correct reading is obtained; if a lower reading, dilute acid may be added with similar intent.
The hydrometer syringe; a convenient device for testing electric vehicle cells.
Hydrometer readings are useless, however, unless the precaution be taken to keep the electrolyte of uniform density.
In mixing the water and acid, the hydrometer should be used to test the specific gravity[6] of both the acid and the solution.
If it be higher than this, water should be added to the solution until the proper figure is reached, if it be lower, dilute sulphuric acid should be added until the hydrometer registers 1.
Hydrometer readings should be taken regularly; the reading is an excellent indication of the amount of charge in the battery.
Each cell should be tested with a low reading voltmeter and hydrometer about once a week.
At this stage the density of the electrolyte as shown by the hydrometer placed in each cell should be at least 1.
The Baume scale, by which all gasoline is tested, reads in degrees, and the specific gravity is obtained by observing the depth to which the hydrometersinks in the liquid.
The presence of the water in the fuel may be detected easily without the use of a hydrometer by drawing some gasoline from the bottom of the tank into a tin or white-enameled cup.
A hydrometer is used in gaging the density of liquid.
Some hydrometers are constant-volume hydrometers, and on these weights are placed always, to sink the hydrometer to the same depth in the liquid.
Storage batteries should be tested by a hydrometer for the specific gravity of the electrolyte or liquids in them.
The 0 mark is usually the point reached by the surface of distilled water when the hydrometer is placed in this liquid.
A brine hydrometer is called a saltometer, and a syrup gage a sacchrometer.
If no sugar is in the water, the reading on the hydrometer will be near zero.
The less the density of the liquid, the lower the hydrometer sinks, for it displaces an amount of liquid equal to its own weight.
An hydrometeradapted to determining the density of urine.
It is essentially a hydrometerwhich sinks to a given mark on the stem in pure water, and floats at another mark at the opposite end of the scale in pure milk.
As commercial lime juice contains variable proportions of vegetable extractive matter, the indications of the hydrometer cannot be depended upon.
The lactometer, as of course will be understood, is simply the hydrometer applied to milk; and readings of the instrument are neither more nor less than specific gravities.
The hydrometer ought to be so graduated as to give the indication of strength; not upon an arbitrary scale, but in terms of specific gravity at the temperature of 62 deg.
They are again washed, and immersed in diluted sulphuric acid at the specific gravity of 3 on Tweedale's hydrometer = 1.
The hydrometer should be always used to determine the degree of concentration which the solutions acquire.
This fact shows the fallacy of trusting to the hydrometer for determining the strength of vinegars, which may be more or less loaded with vegetable gluten.
Baume, is to be set upon the fire in a lead or cast iron pot, and when it begins to get hot, there is to be dissolved in it, a quantity of chloride of potassium sufficient to raise the hydrometer 3 or 4 degrees.
The hydroscopium was undoubtedly a hydrometer of the simplest construction.
One of the first who endeavoured to adapt the hydrometer for determining the specific gravity and purity of metals was Monconys.
I think we may with certainty believe that thehydrometer was not known to Seneca, Pliny, or Galen, who died about the end of the second century.
The principal hydrometernow in use is that of Sykes, this is adopted in estimating excise duties on liquids.
Be the author who he may, this much is evident, that he was acquainted with the hydrometer of Synesius, and has described it in a very clear manner.
The oldest mention of the hydrometer occurs in the fifth century, and may be found in the letters of Synesius to Hypatia.
It signified therefore the heavy part of the hydrometer only.
Have we not reason to think that on this occasion the hydrometer must have occurred to him had it been then used?
I am inclined to think that the first account of the hydrometer being again brought into use must be found in the oldest German books on salt-works.
The mark on the hydrometer stem, level with the surface of the liquid, is read off.
Twaddell's hydrometer is graduated in this way: Each degree Twaddell is 0.
The degrees on Baumé's hydrometer agree among themselves in being at equal distances along the stem; but they are proportional neither to the specific gravity, nor to the percentage of salt in the solution.
The temperature is taken, and the hydrometer is immersed in the fluid.
A simple series of calculations enables one to convert a Beaumé hydrometer into one showing the actual sp.
The Beaumé hydrometer is a scale of relative specific gravities in which the different densities are expressed in degrees.
The density of an electrolyte may be determined by a hydrometer such as Fig.
When discharged it will test by the hydrometer 1185.
This is an ordinary glass hydrometer such as is used for determining the density of fluids, enclosed in a glass tube, to which is attached a rubber bulb.
In this gauge two hydrometer balls are provided, the weight of which in proportion to their magnitude is such that they would both sink to the bottom in a solution of salt of the same strength as common sea-water.
The smaller tube is to form the hydrometer proper, while the larger one is to serve as a containing vessel in which the liquid to be tested is placed.
The hydrometer may be calibrated by making use of a hydrometer borrowed from the druggist or doctor.
A Homemade Hydrometer [Illustration] The hydrometer is an instrument used in determining the specific gravity of a liquid, such as acids, etc.
The amount of the loading will depend upon whether the hydrometer is to be used in determining the specific gravity of liquids heavier or lighter than water.
The hydrometer is a sealed glass tube, with a graduated scale somewhat resembling a thermometer.
Since its strength is apt to vary, however, it is best to mix the electrolyte with the aid of the hydrometerfurnished with the battery.
Hydrometer tests taken immediately after filling with water and before it has become thoroughly mixed with the electrolyte will not show the true condition of the battery.
Hydrometer readings should be taken about every two weeks to make sure that the generator is keeping the battery charged.
To take a hydrometer reading, remove the filling plugs (remove the plug from only one cell at a time).
Next, insert hydrometer syringe in the filler tube and draw up enough of the solution to float the glass bulb inside the instrument.
If the hydrometer reading shows the battery less than one-half charged, it should be taken to the nearest authorized Battery Service Station for recharging.
Any hydrometer constructed for the measurement of liquids of less density than water may be employed.
The less the hydrometer sinks into the fluid the greater the amount of sugar present.
To face page 72)] To the right of the column is seen the slop tester J and hydrometer L, whereby the spent wash may be tested to see if the spirit is being properly extracted.
For the investigation of the amount of sugar in, or the concentration of the mash, or beer, a specially scaled hydrometer is used which is termed a saccharometer.
This weight is added, and the hydrometeragain placed in the liquor.
In Europe, Gay-Lussac's hydrometer and tables are chiefly used for alcoholometric testing.
Cartier's hydrometer is only used for liquids lighter than water.
The hydrometers may either be provided with a scale indicated on the neck or else with weights added to sink the hydrometer to a certain mark.
Defn: A smallhydrometer for determining the specific gravity of urine.
Note: The common saccharimeter of the brewer is an hydrometer adapted by its scale to point out the proportion of saccharine matter in a solution of any specific gravity.
Defn: A form of hydrometer for liquids heavier than water, graduated with an arbitrary scale such that the readings when multiplied by .
Why it is that with the hydrometer showing a considerable humidity in the air the general effect of the climate is that of dryness, scientists must explain.
Hydrometer test shows top of FULL band out of electrolyte.
When the hydrometer test shows the bottom of the red band in the electrolyte, the battery, whether in glass or rubber jar, is discharged.
This is another reason why hydrometer readings should be used as a guide.
The charge should then be continued for at least one hour to thoroughly mix the electrolyte before taking another hydrometer reading.
Hydrometer test shows bottom of red band in the electrolyte.
Measure the temperature at the same time, and if it varies more than 10° above or below 70°, correct the hydrometer readings by adding one point (.
The hydrometer which is used should have the specific gravity readings marked on it in figures, such as 1.
The test must be made in conjunction with hydrometer readings, as otherwise it might give false indications itself.
If a syringe hydrometer is used, the float must not be touching the walls of the tube, and the tube must not be so full that the top of the float projects into the rubber bulb at the upper end of the tube.
Delco-Light Ampere-Hour Meter] Hydrometers The standard hydrometerfor service men is known as the Type V-2B.
On such occasions hydrometer readings should be taken and water added, if necessary, to bring the surface of the electrolyte up to the proper level.
A special typehydrometer showing three colored bands in place of numbers has been designed for users.
The hydrometershould be among the possessions of every well-regulated paint shop.
Heckel, of Drugs, Oils and Paints, has acknowledged that the adulterators can cheat the hydrometer to a certain extent, it cannot be done with the same measure of profit and impunity as formerly.
True, the hydrometeris not an accurate or legal test; but it shows the exact density of the milk tried, and this is a very important point.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "hydrometer" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
